Macromolecules in cells questions

1.  What is a macromolecule?
A macromolecule refers to a class of usually of large molecules that are important to biologically.  These are very important to cells and important to organisms.  There are four types of macromolecules; proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids

2. What is a monomer?
A monomer is any or several small molecular structures that maybe chemically bonded together to form long multipart polymer molecules. For example amino acids are natural monomers.

3.  What is a polymer?
A polymer is a large molecule made up of similar or identical subunits called monomers.

4. List the four types of macromolecules.
Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

5. What are the types of reactions that macromolecules are shown to undergo?
The types of reactions that macromolecules are shown to undergo are condensation and hydrolysis reactions.

6.Describe how monomers are joined together.
Monomers are joined together by gaining other molecules and those molecules attach to each other and then the monomers are joined together. Condensation forms these monomers.

7.Describe how polymers are broken down.
Polymers are broken down by a process called hydrolysis.

8. What is the specific name for the bond between simple sugar monomers?
The name of the bond is glycosidic linkages.

9. Which kind of enzyme joins monomers together?
Protein is the enzyme that joins the monomers together.

10.Describe how you had to arrange the sugar monomers in order to build a polysaccharide.
You have to put the corners together so the oxygens match up and they build a polysaccharide.

11. Which building blocks of macromolecules are not used in building carbohydrates?
Fatty acids and Amino acids

12.Why is sugar stored as glycogen in the human body?
Its stored in the human body because if you ever need a boost of energy it will be there, its bad if its floating around in you that is called diabetes.

13. Why are plant food essential to animal life?
They are important because animals get energy from plants.

14. Describe how starch is digested by animals.
Animals digested starch by saliva in there mouth breaks in down, then it goes through many other digestive systems.

I got all this information from here.

Antacid Experiment

In the antacid experiment we measured the PH levels of vinegar, Rolaids, the ghetto brand,  Tums, and Liquid antacid.  The first thing my group tested was the vinegar.  The PH level was 3.  Rolaids had a pretty high PH level with 7.  After we tested the Rolaids we tested the ghetto brand of tums.  Its kind of weird because the ghetto brand had a PH level with 5 and Tums had a PH level between 6 and 7.  The last thing we tested was a liquid antacid.  The PH level was 7.  I noticed that when we mix vinegar with the antacid they are around the middle of the PH level scale. Every antacid was mixed with vinegar they balance each other out.  This experiment was very cool and u never knew what was going to happen with the mixtures of the antacid and the vinegar.  The graph below shows our data of this experiment.  The vinegar had a very low ph level.  This graph shows which antacid had a higher ph level.  The ghetto brand had a way lower ph level then the name brands rolaids and tums.  Rolaids had .5 ph level higher than tums.  Truly this is what concludes the graph below.

Water Experiment

 Yesterday we did a water experiment to try and understand the properties of water.  First of all we put water on a penny.  We had to count and see how many drops of water would cover the surface of the penny before spilling off.  We also tried it with alcohol.  Next we put a drop of water on a piece of wax paper and observed the shape and the way it appeared.  After we were looking at it we tried and split the water drop in half.  It was really hard to split it into two's.  Then we tried to make water move on a string.  This was really frustrating but it was fun.  Our teacher also should us a lot of cool videos on water and how  it moves.  Water has a really strong bond.  Us humans need water to survive, our body is made up of like 70 percent of water.  Water has a very strong bond.  Mr. Ludwig gave us examples of how a tree gets water.  The water is like a bond that goes straight up and goes through the tree.  The way the water stays together is cohesion thats were the water molecules stick together.  The water molecules are attached to the tree cells thats called adhesion.  We also learned what hydrogen bonds are.  Thats when the hydrogen is attracted to electrons and they are joined together.  This is what we all did and learned in the water experiment we did yesterday.

STANDARD #4

      Through out the first web site, the scientific method is very important to scientists. Hypothesis are what you come up with.  A hypothesis is what you are testing.  A hypothesis can be correct or incorrect, its kinda like your own guess.  Makes sure before you come up with a hypothesis you come up with, or ask a question about what your experiment is about.  After you come up with your hypothesis you preform an experiment.  An experiment is the testing you do to see if your hypothesis is correct or not.  After you perform an experiment you collect all of the data.  The data is very important because its the results of your experiment.   Last, after you collect data, you form a conclusion.  The conclusion should explain everything you did in the experiment and the data you collect.  This is what i have learned on the scientific method.
      The independent and dependent variables are important.  In the experiment the ECB is the independent because its the only variable thats affects the outcome of the experiment.  The independent variable should always be the variable thats is different from each other.   The dependent variable in the experiment is how much the corn grows.  So the height of the corn depends on how many bugs are around the corn.  The independent variable is the number of bugs there are, and the dependent variable is  how high the corn crops grow. A control experiment is an experiment that the observations looked over. In the corn experiment if there was two jars with the same type of corn that would be the control.  In a controlled experiment there are usually more than one trial tested.  A placebo is a liquid, powered, or a pill that has no effect on the outcome of the experiment.  In some trials of an experiment the group control will receive a placebo instead of something that effects it or changes the results.  In a double blind  trial the person who receives the item doesn't know what is going to happen, the person who gives the item aways doesn't know what will happen.  For example if the doctor gives a person a pill, either of them won't know what will happen, so its known as a double blind trial.  This is what i have learned so far about standard four.