Enzyme LAB

     In our lab with enzymes, we tested the pressure of each test tube.  We test three different types, we first tested the concentration, then we tested temperature, last we test the Ph. Water and Peroxide was put in each test tube so when we got to the Ph part it would change with Buffer, so it would mess up the whole lab.  Yeast was put in to the test tubes to produce enzymes.
      As I noticed on the concentration part the more drops of yeast you put in the test tube the faster the reaction would occur, the more pressure it had.  In the temperature we tested hot, cold and room.  The enzymes wouldn't produce much pressure in the cold test tube.  Enzymes don't like the cold. Its kinda like when your sick.  The hotter the test tube got the more enzymes being produced, enzymes like the temperature to be hotter than cold.  The last testing we did was the Ph of each testing.  The pink buffer had a Ph of 4, the yellow had a Ph of 7, and the blue buffer had a Ph of 10.  In our results the high the Ph the higher about of pressure and enzymes.
    This lab was very interesting.  We tested three different types of environments that enzymes would react in.  Each lab was very different.  We tested concentration, the temperature, and the Ph.  Each result was different as you can tell from the three graphs below.

This is our temperature graph, as you can tell enzymes work better when its hotter.

This is our Ph level one, the high the ph the faster enzymes work.  The ph 4 and ph 7 are very close to each other.  But the ph 10 was way higher than ph 4 and ph 7.

This was the test we did with just peroxide and water.  We noticed the more yeast you put the more enzymes would react.

Plant Cell Structure

Plants are very important to life.  Some questions people ask are what make up the structure of a cell.  There are many parts that make up a cell structure. Now we are going to break down the parts of a cell structure.

The Cell Wall-  The plant cell wall is a remarkable structure.  It provides the the most significant difference between plant cells and other eukaryotic cells.  This is the outside of the plants structure. It protects the stuff inside of the cell. The cell wall is made up of three layers, which is showed in the picture to the left.






Cell Membrane-  What makes the membrane so special is the presence of different proteins on the surface, that are used for various functions such as cell surface receptors, enzymes, antigens, and transporters.  The cell membrane is very important to the cell because it lets things in and out of the cell.  If bad stuff tries to enter the cell its suppose to not let it in.




Cytoplasm-  Cytoplasm is basically the substance that fills the cell. It is a jelly-like material that is eighty percent water and usually clear in color. It is more like a  thick gel than a watery substance, but it mixes when shaken or stirred. Cytoplasm, which can also be referred to as cytosol, means cell substance.  Cytoplasm is the type of food for the cell.





This is how cytoplasm looks like in real life, it looks more thick than watery.











                                                 

                                                         Vacuole-   The vacuole is used only in plant cells.  It is responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the cell.  Plant cells don't increase in size by expanding the cytoplasm, rather they increase the size of their vacuoles.  The vacuole is a large vesicle which is also used to store nutrients, metabolites, and waste products.

Nucleus-  The nucleus is the center part of the cell.  It kinda works like the brain.  The nucleus has the DNA which gives each cell a different characteristic. The nucleus is the most obvious organelle in any eukaryotic cell.

Chloroplast- Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in all higher plant cells.  These organelles contain the plant cell's chlorophyll, which gives the plant the green color.  They have a double membrane. 

Mitochondria-  Mitochondria provides the energy a cell needs to move divide, move, produce secretory, they are the power centers of the cell.

Ribosomes-  Ribosomes are organelles that consist RNA and DNA proteins. They are responsible for assembling of the cell.  There are millions of ribosomes in a plant cell.

Golgi Body-   The Golgi Body is a membrane- bound structure with a simple single membrane.  They are important because they package macromolecules for transport some where else in a cell.  These are very important. 

The parts above show most of the parts in a cell. When you put all these structures together and more you get a complete cell structure.